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cos(x)+cos(2x)+cos(3x)=0

Solución

cos (x) + cos (2 x) + cos (3 x) = 0

Solución

x = \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn, x = \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn, x = \frac{3 π}{4} + 2 πn, x = \frac{5 π}{4} + 2 πn, x = \frac{π}{4} + 2 πn, x = \frac{7 π}{4} + 2 πn

Grados

x = 12 0^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n, x = 24 0^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n, x = 13 5^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n, x = 22 5^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n, x = 4 5^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n, x = 31 5^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n

Pasos de solución

cos (x) + cos (2 x) + cos (3 x) = 0

Re-escribir usando identidades trigonométricas

cos (2 x) + cos (3 x) + cos (x)

Utilizar la identidad trigonométrica del ángulo doble:

cos (2 x) = 2 cos^{2} (x) - 1

= 2 cos^{2} (x) - 1 + cos (3 x) + cos (x)

cos (3 x) = 4 cos^{3} (x) - 3 cos (x)

cos (3 x)

Re-escribir usando identidades trigonométricas

cos (3 x)

Reescribir como

= cos (2 x + x)

Utilizar la identidad de suma de ángulos:

cos (s + t) = cos (s) cos (t) - sin (s) sin (t)

= cos (2 x) cos (x) - sin (2 x) sin (x)

Utilizar la identidad trigonométrica del ángulo doble:

sin (2 x) = 2 sin (x) cos (x)

= cos (2 x) cos (x) - 2 sin (x) cos (x) sin (x)

Simplificar

cos (2 x) cos (x) - 2 sin (x) cos (x) sin (x) : cos (x) cos (2 x) - 2 sin^{2} (x) cos (x)

cos (2 x) cos (x) - 2 sin (x) cos (x) sin (x)

2 sin (x) cos (x) sin (x) = 2 sin^{2} (x) cos (x)

2 sin (x) cos (x) sin (x)

Aplicar las leyes de los exponentes:

a^{b} \cdot a^{c} = a^{b + c}

sin (x) sin (x) = sin^{1 + 1} (x)

= 2 cos (x) sin^{1 + 1} (x)

Sumar:

1 + 1 = 2

= 2 cos (x) sin^{2} (x)

= cos (x) cos (2 x) - 2 sin^{2} (x) cos (x)

= cos (x) cos (2 x) - 2 sin^{2} (x) cos (x)

= cos (x) cos (2 x) - 2 sin^{2} (x) cos (x)

Utilizar la identidad trigonométrica del ángulo doble:

cos (2 x) = 2 cos^{2} (x) - 1

= (2 cos^{2} (x) - 1) cos (x) - 2 sin^{2} (x) cos (x)

Utilizar la identidad pitagórica:

cos^{2} (x) + sin^{2} (x) = 1

sin^{2} (x) = 1 - cos^{2} (x)

= (2 cos^{2} (x) - 1) cos (x) - 2 (1 - cos^{2} (x)) cos (x)

Expandir

(2 cos^{2} (x) - 1) cos (x) - 2 (1 - cos^{2} (x)) cos (x) : 4 cos^{3} (x) - 3 cos (x)

(2 cos^{2} (x) - 1) cos (x) - 2 (1 - cos^{2} (x)) cos (x)

= cos (x) (2 cos^{2} (x) - 1) - 2 cos (x) (1 - cos^{2} (x))

Expandir

cos (x) (2 cos^{2} (x) - 1) : 2 cos^{3} (x) - cos (x)

cos (x) (2 cos^{2} (x) - 1)

Poner los parentesis utilizando:

a (b - c) = ab - a c

a = cos (x), b = 2 cos^{2} (x), c = 1

= cos (x) 2 cos^{2} (x) - cos (x) 1

= 2 cos^{2} (x) cos (x) - 1 cos (x)

Simplificar

2 cos^{2} (x) cos (x) - 1 \cdot cos (x) : 2 cos^{3} (x) - cos (x)

2 cos^{2} (x) cos (x) - 1 cos (x)

2 cos^{2} (x) cos (x) = 2 cos^{3} (x)

2 cos^{2} (x) cos (x)

Aplicar las leyes de los exponentes:

a^{b} \cdot a^{c} = a^{b + c}

cos^{2} (x) cos (x) = cos^{2 + 1} (x)

= 2 cos^{2 + 1} (x)

Sumar:

2 + 1 = 3

= 2 cos^{3} (x)

1 \cdot cos (x) = cos (x)

1 cos (x)

Multiplicar:

1 \cdot cos (x) = cos (x)

= cos (x)

= 2 cos^{3} (x) - cos (x)

= 2 cos^{3} (x) - cos (x)

= 2 cos^{3} (x) - cos (x) - 2 (1 - cos^{2} (x)) cos (x)

Expandir

- 2 cos (x) (1 - cos^{2} (x)) : - 2 cos (x) + 2 cos^{3} (x)

- 2 cos (x) (1 - cos^{2} (x))

Poner los parentesis utilizando:

a (b - c) = ab - a c

a = - 2 cos (x), b = 1, c = cos^{2} (x)

= - 2 cos (x) 1 - (- 2 cos (x)) cos^{2} (x)

Aplicar las reglas de los signos

- (- a) = a

= - 2 \cdot 1 cos (x) + 2 cos^{2} (x) cos (x)

Simplificar

- 2 \cdot 1 \cdot cos (x) + 2 cos^{2} (x) cos (x) : - 2 cos (x) + 2 cos^{3} (x)

- 2 \cdot 1 cos (x) + 2 cos^{2} (x) cos (x)

2 \cdot 1 \cdot cos (x) = 2 cos (x)

2 \cdot 1 cos (x)

Multiplicar los numeros:

2 \cdot 1 = 2

= 2 cos (x)

2 cos^{2} (x) cos (x) = 2 cos^{3} (x)

2 cos^{2} (x) cos (x)

Aplicar las leyes de los exponentes:

a^{b} \cdot a^{c} = a^{b + c}

cos^{2} (x) cos (x) = cos^{2 + 1} (x)

= 2 cos^{2 + 1} (x)

Sumar:

2 + 1 = 3

= 2 cos^{3} (x)

= - 2 cos (x) + 2 cos^{3} (x)

= - 2 cos (x) + 2 cos^{3} (x)

= 2 cos^{3} (x) - cos (x) - 2 cos (x) + 2 cos^{3} (x)

Simplificar

2 cos^{3} (x) - cos (x) - 2 cos (x) + 2 cos^{3} (x) : 4 cos^{3} (x) - 3 cos (x)

2 cos^{3} (x) - cos (x) - 2 cos (x) + 2 cos^{3} (x)

Agrupar términos semejantes

= 2 cos^{3} (x) + 2 cos^{3} (x) - cos (x) - 2 cos (x)

Sumar elementos similares:

2 cos^{3} (x) + 2 cos^{3} (x) = 4 cos^{3} (x)

= 4 cos^{3} (x) - cos (x) - 2 cos (x)

Sumar elementos similares:

- cos (x) - 2 cos (x) = - 3 cos (x)

= 4 cos^{3} (x) - 3 cos (x)

= 4 cos^{3} (x) - 3 cos (x)

= 4 cos^{3} (x) - 3 cos (x)

= - 1 + 4 cos^{3} (x) - 3 cos (x) + cos (x) + 2 cos^{2} (x)

Simplificar

= - 1 + 4 cos^{3} (x) - 2 cos (x) + 2 cos^{2} (x)

- 1 - 2 cos (x) + 2 cos^{2} (x) + 4 cos^{3} (x) = 0

Usando el método de sustitución

- 1 - 2 cos (x) + 2 cos^{2} (x) + 4 cos^{3} (x) = 0

Sea:

cos (x) = u

- 1 - 2 u + 2 u^{2} + 4 u^{3} = 0

- 1 - 2 u + 2 u^{2} + 4 u^{3} = 0 : u = - \frac{1}{2}, u = - \frac{2}{2}, u = \frac{2}{2}

- 1 - 2 u + 2 u^{2} + 4 u^{3} = 0

Escribir en la forma binómica

a_{n} x^{n} + \dots + a_{1} x + a_{0} = 0

4 u^{3} + 2 u^{2} - 2 u - 1 = 0

Factorizar

4 u^{3} + 2 u^{2} - 2 u - 1 : (2 u + 1) (2 u + 1) (2 u - 1)

4 u^{3} + 2 u^{2} - 2 u - 1

= (4 u^{3} + 2 u^{2}) + (- 2 u - 1)

Factorizar

- 1

- 2 u - 1

- (2 u + 1)

- 2 u - 1

Factorizar el termino común

- 1

= - (2 u + 1)

Factorizar

2 u^{2}

4 u^{3} + 2 u^{2}

2 u^{2} (2 u + 1)

4 u^{3} + 2 u^{2}

Aplicar las leyes de los exponentes:

a^{b + c} = a^{b} a^{c}

u^{3} = u u^{2}

= 4 u u^{2} + 2 u^{2}

Reescribir

4

como

2 \cdot 2

= 2 \cdot 2 u u^{2} + 2 u^{2}

Factorizar el termino común

2 u^{2}

= 2 u^{2} (2 u + 1)

= - (2 u + 1) + 2 u^{2} (2 u + 1)

Factorizar el termino común

2 u + 1

= (2 u + 1) (2 u^{2} - 1)

Factorizar

2 u^{2} - 1 : (2 u + 1) (2 u - 1)

2 u^{2} - 1

Reescribir

2 u^{2} - 1

como

(2 u)^{2} - 1^{2}

2 u^{2} - 1

Aplicar las leyes de los exponentes:

a = (a)^{2}

2 = (2)^{2}

= (2)^{2} u^{2} - 1

Reescribir

1

como

1^{2}

= (2)^{2} u^{2} - 1^{2}

Aplicar las leyes de los exponentes:

a^{m} b^{m} = (ab)^{m}

(2)^{2} u^{2} = (2 u)^{2}

= (2 u)^{2} - 1^{2}

= (2 u)^{2} - 1^{2}

Aplicar la siguiente regla para binomios al cuadrado:

x^{2} - y^{2} = (x + y) (x - y)

(2 u)^{2} - 1^{2} = (2 u + 1) (2 u - 1)

= (2 u + 1) (2 u - 1)

= (2 u + 1) (2 u + 1) (2 u - 1)

(2 u + 1) (2 u + 1) (2 u - 1) = 0

Utilizando el teorema de factor cero: si

ab = 0

entonces

a = 0

b = 0

2 u + 1 = 0 or 2 u + 1 = 0 or 2 u - 1 = 0

Resolver

2 u + 1 = 0 : u = - \frac{1}{2}

2 u + 1 = 0

Mover

1

al lado derecho

2 u + 1 = 0

Restar

1

de ambos lados

2 u + 1 - 1 = 0 - 1

Simplificar

2 u = - 1

2 u = - 1

Dividir ambos lados entre

2

2 u = - 1

Dividir ambos lados entre

2

\frac{2 u}{2} = \frac{- 1}{2}

Simplificar

u = - \frac{1}{2}

u = - \frac{1}{2}

Resolver

2 u + 1 = 0 : u = - \frac{2}{2}

2 u + 1 = 0

Mover

1

al lado derecho

2 u + 1 = 0

Restar

1

de ambos lados

2 u + 1 - 1 = 0 - 1

Simplificar

2 u = - 1

2 u = - 1

Dividir ambos lados entre

2

2 u = - 1

Dividir ambos lados entre

2

\frac{2 u}{2} = \frac{- 1}{2}

Simplificar

\frac{2 u}{2} = \frac{- 1}{2}

Simplificar

\frac{2 u}{2} : u

\frac{2 u}{2}

Eliminar los terminos comunes:

2

= u

Simplificar

\frac{- 1}{2} : - \frac{2}{2}

\frac{- 1}{2}

Aplicar las propiedades de las fracciones:

\frac{- a}{b} = - \frac{a}{b}

= - \frac{1}{2}

Racionalizar

- \frac{1}{2} : - \frac{2}{2}

- \frac{1}{2}

Multiplicar por el conjugado

\frac{2}{2}

= - \frac{1 \cdot 2}{2 2}

1 \cdot 2 = 2

22 = 2

22

Aplicar las leyes de los exponentes:

a a = a

22 = 2

= 2

= - \frac{2}{2}

= - \frac{2}{2}

u = - \frac{2}{2}

u = - \frac{2}{2}

u = - \frac{2}{2}

Resolver

2 u - 1 = 0 : u = \frac{2}{2}

2 u - 1 = 0

Mover

1

al lado derecho

2 u - 1 = 0

Sumar

1

a ambos lados

2 u - 1 + 1 = 0 + 1

Simplificar

2 u = 1

2 u = 1

Dividir ambos lados entre

2

2 u = 1

Dividir ambos lados entre

2

\frac{2 u}{2} = \frac{1}{2}

Simplificar

\frac{2 u}{2} = \frac{1}{2}

Simplificar

\frac{2 u}{2} : u

\frac{2 u}{2}

Eliminar los terminos comunes:

2

= u

Simplificar

\frac{1}{2} : \frac{2}{2}

\frac{1}{2}

Multiplicar por el conjugado

\frac{2}{2}

= \frac{1 \cdot 2}{2 2}

1 \cdot 2 = 2

22 = 2

22

Aplicar las leyes de los exponentes:

a a = a

22 = 2

= 2

= \frac{2}{2}

u = \frac{2}{2}

u = \frac{2}{2}

u = \frac{2}{2}

Las soluciones son

u = - \frac{1}{2}, u = - \frac{2}{2}, u = \frac{2}{2}

Sustituir en la ecuación

u = cos (x)

cos (x) = - \frac{1}{2}, cos (x) = - \frac{2}{2}, cos (x) = \frac{2}{2}

cos (x) = - \frac{1}{2}, cos (x) = - \frac{2}{2}, cos (x) = \frac{2}{2}

cos (x) = - \frac{1}{2} : x = \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn, x = \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn

cos (x) = - \frac{1}{2}

Soluciones generales para

cos (x) = - \frac{1}{2}

cos (x)

tabla de valores periódicos con

2 πn

intervalos:

x 0 \frac{π}{6} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{5 π}{6} cos (x) 1 \frac{3}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{1}{2} 0 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{3}{2} x π \frac{7 π}{6} \frac{5 π}{4} \frac{4 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{2} \frac{5 π}{3} \frac{7 π}{4} \frac{11 π}{6} cos (x) - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2} 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2}

x = \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn, x = \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn

x = \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn, x = \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn

cos (x) = - \frac{2}{2} : x = \frac{3 π}{4} + 2 πn, x = \frac{5 π}{4} + 2 πn

cos (x) = - \frac{2}{2}

Soluciones generales para

cos (x) = - \frac{2}{2}

cos (x)

tabla de valores periódicos con

2 πn

intervalos:

x 0 \frac{π}{6} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{5 π}{6} cos (x) 1 \frac{3}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{1}{2} 0 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{3}{2} x π \frac{7 π}{6} \frac{5 π}{4} \frac{4 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{2} \frac{5 π}{3} \frac{7 π}{4} \frac{11 π}{6} cos (x) - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2} 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2}

x = \frac{3 π}{4} + 2 πn, x = \frac{5 π}{4} + 2 πn

x = \frac{3 π}{4} + 2 πn, x = \frac{5 π}{4} + 2 πn

cos (x) = \frac{2}{2} : x = \frac{π}{4} + 2 πn, x = \frac{7 π}{4} + 2 πn

cos (x) = \frac{2}{2}

Soluciones generales para

cos (x) = \frac{2}{2}

cos (x)

tabla de valores periódicos con

2 πn

intervalos:

x 0 \frac{π}{6} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{5 π}{6} cos (x) 1 \frac{3}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{1}{2} 0 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{3}{2} x π \frac{7 π}{6} \frac{5 π}{4} \frac{4 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{2} \frac{5 π}{3} \frac{7 π}{4} \frac{11 π}{6} cos (x) - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2} 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2}

x = \frac{π}{4} + 2 πn, x = \frac{7 π}{4} + 2 πn

x = \frac{π}{4} + 2 πn, x = \frac{7 π}{4} + 2 πn

Combinar toda las soluciones

x = \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn, x = \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn, x = \frac{3 π}{4} + 2 πn, x = \frac{5 π}{4} + 2 πn, x = \frac{π}{4} + 2 πn, x = \frac{7 π}{4} + 2 πn

Ejemplos populares

2cot(θ)-7=0

2 cot (θ) - 7 = 0

sec(x)=-(2sqrt(3))/3

sec (x) = - \frac{2 3}{3}

2cos(3θ)=-sqrt(2)

2 cos (3 θ) = - 2

cos(θ)=2sin(θ)

cos (θ) = 2 sin (θ)

12sin^2(θ)-3=0

12 sin^{2} (θ) - 3 = 0