What is the general solution for tan(2x)-2=3tan(x) ?

The general solution for tan(2x)-2=3tan(x) is x=0.67351…+pin

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tan(2x)-2=3tan(x)

Solution

tan (2 x) - 2 = 3 tan (x)

Solution

x = 0.67351 \dots + πn

Degrees

x = 38.58935 \dots^{\circ} + 18 0^{\circ} n

Solution steps

tan (2 x) - 2 = 3 tan (x)

Subtract

3 tan (x)

from both sides

tan (2 x) - 2 - 3 tan (x) = 0

Rewrite using trig identities

- 2 + tan (2 x) - 3 tan (x)

Use the Double Angle identity:

tan (2 x) = \frac{2 tan ( x )}{1 - tan ^{2} ( x )}

= - 2 + \frac{2 tan ( x )}{1 - tan ^{2} ( x )} - 3 tan (x)

Combine the fractions

\frac{2 tan ( x )}{- tan ^{2} ( x ) + 1} - 3 tan (x) : \frac{- tan ( x ) + 3 tan ^{3} ( x )}{1 - tan ^{2} ( x )}

\frac{2 tan ( x )}{- tan ^{2} ( x ) + 1} - 3 tan (x)

Convert element to fraction:

3 tan (x) = \frac{3 tan ( x ) ( 1 - tan ^{2} ( x ) )}{1 - tan ^{2} ( x )}

= \frac{2 tan ( x )}{1 - tan ^{2} ( x )} - \frac{3 tan ( x ) ( 1 - tan ^{2} ( x ) )}{1 - tan ^{2} ( x )}

Since the denominators are equal, combine the fractions:

\frac{a}{c} \pm \frac{b}{c} = \frac{a \pm b}{c}

= \frac{2 tan ( x ) - 3 tan ( x ) ( 1 - tan ^{2} ( x ) )}{1 - tan ^{2} ( x )}

Expand

2 tan (x) - 3 tan (x) (1 - tan^{2} (x)) : - tan (x) + 3 tan^{3} (x)

2 tan (x) - 3 tan (x) (1 - tan^{2} (x))

Expand

- 3 tan (x) (1 - tan^{2} (x)) : - 3 tan (x) + 3 tan^{3} (x)

- 3 tan (x) (1 - tan^{2} (x))

Apply the distributive law:

a (b - c) = ab - a c

a = - 3 tan (x), b = 1, c = tan^{2} (x)

= - 3 tan (x) \cdot 1 - (- 3 tan (x)) tan^{2} (x)

Apply minus-plus rules

- (- a) = a

= - 3 \cdot 1 \cdot tan (x) + 3 tan^{2} (x) tan (x)

Simplify

- 3 \cdot 1 \cdot tan (x) + 3 tan^{2} (x) tan (x) : - 3 tan (x) + 3 tan^{3} (x)

- 3 \cdot 1 \cdot tan (x) + 3 tan^{2} (x) tan (x)

3 \cdot 1 \cdot tan (x) = 3 tan (x)

3 \cdot 1 \cdot tan (x)

Multiply the numbers:

3 \cdot 1 = 3

= 3 tan (x)

3 tan^{2} (x) tan (x) = 3 tan^{3} (x)

3 tan^{2} (x) tan (x)

Apply exponent rule:

a^{b} \cdot a^{c} = a^{b + c}

tan^{2} (x) tan (x) = tan^{2 + 1} (x)

= 3 tan^{2 + 1} (x)

Add the numbers:

2 + 1 = 3

= 3 tan^{3} (x)

= - 3 tan (x) + 3 tan^{3} (x)

= - 3 tan (x) + 3 tan^{3} (x)

= 2 tan (x) - 3 tan (x) + 3 tan^{3} (x)

Add similar elements:

2 tan (x) - 3 tan (x) = - tan (x)

= - tan (x) + 3 tan^{3} (x)

= \frac{- tan ( x ) + 3 tan ^{3} ( x )}{1 - tan ^{2} ( x )}

= \frac{- tan ( x ) + 3 tan ^{3} ( x )}{1 - tan ^{2} ( x )} - 2

- 2 + \frac{- tan ( x ) + 3 tan ^{3} ( x )}{1 - tan ^{2} ( x )} = 0

- 2 + \frac{- tan ( x ) + 3 tan ^{3} ( x )}{1 - tan ^{2} ( x )} = 0

Solve by substitution

- 2 + \frac{- tan ( x ) + 3 tan ^{3} ( x )}{1 - tan ^{2} ( x )} = 0

Let:

tan (x) = u

- 2 + \frac{- u + 3 u ^{3}}{1 - u ^{2}} = 0

- 2 + \frac{- u + 3 u ^{3}}{1 - u ^{2}} = 0 : u \approx 0.79798 \dots

- 2 + \frac{- u + 3 u ^{3}}{1 - u ^{2}} = 0

Multiply both sides by

1 - u^{2}

- 2 + \frac{- u + 3 u ^{3}}{1 - u ^{2}} = 0

Multiply both sides by

1 - u^{2}

- 2 (1 - u^{2}) + \frac{- u + 3 u ^{3}}{1 - u ^{2}} (1 - u^{2}) = 0 \cdot (1 - u^{2})

Simplify

- 2 (1 - u^{2}) + \frac{- u + 3 u ^{3}}{1 - u ^{2}} (1 - u^{2}) = 0 \cdot (1 - u^{2})

Simplify

\frac{- u + 3 u ^{3}}{1 - u ^{2}} (1 - u^{2}) : - u + 3 u^{3}

\frac{- u + 3 u ^{3}}{1 - u ^{2}} (1 - u^{2})

Multiply fractions:

a \cdot \frac{b}{c} = \frac{a \cdot b}{c}

= \frac{( - u + 3 u ^{3} ) ( 1 - u ^{2} )}{1 - u ^{2}}

Cancel the common factor:

1 - u^{2}

= - - u + 3 u^{3}

Simplify

0 \cdot (1 - u^{2}) : 0

0 \cdot (1 - u^{2})

Apply rule

0 \cdot a = 0

= 0

- 2 (1 - u^{2}) - u + 3 u^{3} = 0

- 2 (1 - u^{2}) - u + 3 u^{3} = 0

- 2 (1 - u^{2}) - u + 3 u^{3} = 0

Solve

- 2 (1 - u^{2}) - u + 3 u^{3} = 0 : u \approx 0.79798 \dots

- 2 (1 - u^{2}) - u + 3 u^{3} = 0

Expand

- 2 (1 - u^{2}) - u + 3 u^{3} : - 2 + 2 u^{2} - u + 3 u^{3}

- 2 (1 - u^{2}) - u + 3 u^{3}

Expand

- 2 (1 - u^{2}) : - 2 + 2 u^{2}

- 2 (1 - u^{2})

Apply the distributive law:

a (b - c) = ab - a c

a = - 2, b = 1, c = u^{2}

= - 2 \cdot 1 - (- 2) u^{2}

Apply minus-plus rules

- (- a) = a

= - 2 \cdot 1 + 2 u^{2}

Multiply the numbers:

2 \cdot 1 = 2

= - 2 + 2 u^{2}

= - 2 + 2 u^{2} - u + 3 u^{3}

- 2 + 2 u^{2} - u + 3 u^{3} = 0

Write in the standard form

a_{n} x^{n} + \dots + a_{1} x + a_{0} = 0

3 u^{3} + 2 u^{2} - u - 2 = 0

Find one solution for

3 u^{3} + 2 u^{2} - u - 2 = 0

using Newton-Raphson:

u \approx 0.79798 \dots

3 u^{3} + 2 u^{2} - u - 2 = 0

Newton-Raphson Approximation Definition

f (u) = 3 u^{3} + 2 u^{2} - u - 2

Find

f^{^{'}} (u) : 9 u^{2} + 4 u - 1

\frac{d}{d u} (3 u^{3} + 2 u^{2} - u - 2)

Apply the Sum/Difference Rule:

(f \pm g)^{'} = f^{'} \pm g^{'}

= \frac{d}{d u} (3 u^{3}) + \frac{d}{d u} (2 u^{2}) - \frac{d u}{d u} - \frac{d}{d u} (2)

\frac{d}{d u} (3 u^{3}) = 9 u^{2}

\frac{d}{d u} (3 u^{3})

Take the constant out:

(a \cdot f)^{'} = a \cdot f^{'}

= 3 \frac{d}{d u} (u^{3})

Apply the Power Rule:

\frac{d}{d x} (x^{a}) = a \cdot x^{a - 1}

= 3 \cdot 3 u^{3 - 1}

Simplify

= 9 u^{2}

\frac{d}{d u} (2 u^{2}) = 4 u

\frac{d}{d u} (2 u^{2})

Take the constant out:

(a \cdot f)^{'} = a \cdot f^{'}

= 2 \frac{d}{d u} (u^{2})

Apply the Power Rule:

\frac{d}{d x} (x^{a}) = a \cdot x^{a - 1}

= 2 \cdot 2 u^{2 - 1}

Simplify

= 4 u

\frac{d u}{d u} = 1

\frac{d u}{d u}

Apply the common derivative:

\frac{d u}{d u} = 1

= 1

\frac{d}{d u} (2) = 0

\frac{d}{d u} (2)

Derivative of a constant:

\frac{d}{d x} (a) = 0

= 0

= 9 u^{2} + 4 u - 1 - 0

Simplify

= 9 u^{2} + 4 u - 1

Let

u_{0} = 1

Compute

u_{n + 1}

until

Δ u_{n + 1} < 0.000001

u_{1} = 0.83333 \dots : Δ u_{1} = 0.16666 \dots

f (u_{0}) = 3 \cdot 1^{3} + 2 \cdot 1^{2} - 1 - 2 = 2

f^{^{'}} (u_{0}) = 9 \cdot 1^{2} + 4 \cdot 1 - 1 = 12

u_{1} = 0.83333 \dots

Δ u_{1} = ∣ 0.83333 \dots - 1 ∣ = 0.16666 \dots

Δ u_{1} = 0.16666 \dots

u_{2} = 0.79935 \dots : Δ u_{2} = 0.03398 \dots

f (u_{1}) = 3 \cdot 0.83333 \dots^{3} + 2 \cdot 0.83333 \dots^{2} - 0.83333 \dots - 2 = 0.29166 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{1}) = 9 \cdot 0.83333 \dots^{2} + 4 \cdot 0.83333 \dots - 1 = 8.58333 \dots

u_{2} = 0.79935 \dots

Δ u_{2} = ∣ 0.79935 \dots - 0.83333 \dots ∣ = 0.03398 \dots

Δ u_{2} = 0.03398 \dots

u_{3} = 0.79798 \dots : Δ u_{3} = 0.00136 \dots

f (u_{2}) = 3 \cdot 0.79935 \dots^{3} + 2 \cdot 0.79935 \dots^{2} - 0.79935 \dots - 2 = 0.01085 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{2}) = 9 \cdot 0.79935 \dots^{2} + 4 \cdot 0.79935 \dots - 1 = 7.94809 \dots

u_{3} = 0.79798 \dots

Δ u_{3} = ∣ 0.79798 \dots - 0.79935 \dots ∣ = 0.00136 \dots

Δ u_{3} = 0.00136 \dots

u_{4} = 0.79798 \dots : Δ u_{4} = 2.16223 E - 6

f (u_{3}) = 3 \cdot 0.79798 \dots^{3} + 2 \cdot 0.79798 \dots^{2} - 0.79798 \dots - 2 = 0.00001 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{3}) = 9 \cdot 0.79798 \dots^{2} + 4 \cdot 0.79798 \dots - 1 = 7.92300 \dots

u_{4} = 0.79798 \dots

Δ u_{4} = ∣ 0.79798 \dots - 0.79798 \dots ∣ = 2.16223 E - 6

Δ u_{4} = 2.16223 E - 6

u_{5} = 0.79798 \dots : Δ u_{5} = 5.41816 E - 12

f (u_{4}) = 3 \cdot 0.79798 \dots^{3} + 2 \cdot 0.79798 \dots^{2} - 0.79798 \dots - 2 = 4.29279 E - 11

f^{^{'}} (u_{4}) = 9 \cdot 0.79798 \dots^{2} + 4 \cdot 0.79798 \dots - 1 = 7.92296 \dots

u_{5} = 0.79798 \dots

Δ u_{5} = ∣ 0.79798 \dots - 0.79798 \dots ∣ = 5.41816 E - 12

Δ u_{5} = 5.41816 E - 12

u \approx 0.79798 \dots

Apply long division:

\frac{3 u ^{3} + 2 u ^{2} - u - 2}{u - 0.79798 \dots} = 3 u^{2} + 4.39395 \dots u + 2.50631 \dots

3 u^{2} + 4.39395 \dots u + 2.50631 \dots \approx 0

Find one solution for

3 u^{2} + 4.39395 \dots u + 2.50631 \dots = 0

using Newton-Raphson:

No Solution for

u \in R

3 u^{2} + 4.39395 \dots u + 2.50631 \dots = 0

Newton-Raphson Approximation Definition

f (u) = 3 u^{2} + 4.39395 \dots u + 2.50631 \dots

Find

f^{^{'}} (u) : 6 u + 4.39395 \dots

\frac{d}{d u} (3 u^{2} + 4.39395 \dots u + 2.50631 \dots)

Apply the Sum/Difference Rule:

(f \pm g)^{'} = f^{'} \pm g^{'}

= \frac{d}{d u} (3 u^{2}) + \frac{d}{d u} (4.39395 \dots u) + \frac{d}{d u} (2.50631 \dots)

\frac{d}{d u} (3 u^{2}) = 6 u

\frac{d}{d u} (3 u^{2})

Take the constant out:

(a \cdot f)^{'} = a \cdot f^{'}

= 3 \frac{d}{d u} (u^{2})

Apply the Power Rule:

\frac{d}{d x} (x^{a}) = a \cdot x^{a - 1}

= 3 \cdot 2 u^{2 - 1}

Simplify

= 6 u

\frac{d}{d u} (4.39395 \dots u) = 4.39395 \dots

\frac{d}{d u} (4.39395 \dots u)

Take the constant out:

(a \cdot f)^{'} = a \cdot f^{'}

= 4.39395 \dots \frac{d u}{d u}

Apply the common derivative:

\frac{d u}{d u} = 1

= 4.39395 \dots \cdot 1

Simplify

= 4.39395 \dots

\frac{d}{d u} (2.50631 \dots) = 0

\frac{d}{d u} (2.50631 \dots)

Derivative of a constant:

\frac{d}{d x} (a) = 0

= 0

= 6 u + 4.39395 \dots + 0

Simplify

= 6 u + 4.39395 \dots

Let

u_{0} = - 1

Compute

u_{n + 1}

until

Δ u_{n + 1} < 0.000001

u_{1} = - 0.30739 \dots : Δ u_{1} = 0.69260 \dots

f (u_{0}) = 3 (- 1)^{2} + 4.39395 \dots (- 1) + 2.50631 \dots = 1.11235 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{0}) = 6 (- 1) + 4.39395 \dots = - 1.60604 \dots

u_{1} = - 0.30739 \dots

Δ u_{1} = ∣ - 0.30739 \dots - (- 1) ∣ = 0.69260 \dots

Δ u_{1} = 0.69260 \dots

u_{2} = - 0.87184 \dots : Δ u_{2} = 0.56444 \dots

f (u_{1}) = 3 (- 0.30739 \dots)^{2} + 4.39395 \dots (- 0.30739 \dots) + 2.50631 \dots = 1.43911 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{1}) = 6 (- 0.30739 \dots) + 4.39395 \dots = 2.54959 \dots

u_{2} = - 0.87184 \dots

Δ u_{2} = ∣ - 0.87184 \dots - (- 0.30739 \dots) ∣ = 0.56444 \dots

Δ u_{2} = 0.56444 \dots

u_{3} = 0.26997 \dots : Δ u_{3} = 1.14181 \dots

f (u_{2}) = 3 (- 0.87184 \dots)^{2} + 4.39395 \dots (- 0.87184 \dots) + 2.50631 \dots = 0.95580 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{2}) = 6 (- 0.87184 \dots) + 4.39395 \dots = - 0.83708 \dots

u_{3} = 0.26997 \dots

Δ u_{3} = ∣ 0.26997 \dots - (- 0.87184 \dots) ∣ = 1.14181 \dots

Δ u_{3} = 1.14181 \dots

u_{4} = - 0.38040 \dots : Δ u_{4} = 0.65037 \dots

f (u_{3}) = 3 \cdot 0.26997 \dots^{2} + 4.39395 \dots \cdot 0.26997 \dots + 2.50631 \dots = 3.91122 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{3}) = 6 \cdot 0.26997 \dots + 4.39395 \dots = 6.01380 \dots

u_{4} = - 0.38040 \dots

Δ u_{4} = ∣ - 0.38040 \dots - 0.26997 \dots ∣ = 0.65037 \dots

Δ u_{4} = 0.65037 \dots

u_{5} = - 0.98136 \dots : Δ u_{5} = 0.60096 \dots

f (u_{4}) = 3 (- 0.38040 \dots)^{2} + 4.39395 \dots (- 0.38040 \dots) + 2.50631 \dots = 1.26896 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{4}) = 6 (- 0.38040 \dots) + 4.39395 \dots = 2.11155 \dots

u_{5} = - 0.98136 \dots

Δ u_{5} = ∣ - 0.98136 \dots - (- 0.38040 \dots) ∣ = 0.60096 \dots

Δ u_{5} = 0.60096 \dots

u_{6} = - 0.25625 \dots : Δ u_{6} = 0.72510 \dots

f (u_{5}) = 3 (- 0.98136 \dots)^{2} + 4.39395 \dots (- 0.98136 \dots) + 2.50631 \dots = 1.08346 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{5}) = 6 (- 0.98136 \dots) + 4.39395 \dots = - 1.49421 \dots

u_{6} = - 0.25625 \dots

Δ u_{6} = ∣ - 0.25625 \dots - (- 0.98136 \dots) ∣ = 0.72510 \dots

Δ u_{6} = 0.72510 \dots

u_{7} = - 0.80846 \dots : Δ u_{7} = 0.55220 \dots

f (u_{6}) = 3 (- 0.25625 \dots)^{2} + 4.39395 \dots (- 0.25625 \dots) + 2.50631 \dots = 1.57733 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{6}) = 6 (- 0.25625 \dots) + 4.39395 \dots = 2.85642 \dots

u_{7} = - 0.80846 \dots

Δ u_{7} = ∣ - 0.80846 \dots - (- 0.25625 \dots) ∣ = 0.55220 \dots

Δ u_{7} = 0.55220 \dots

u_{8} = 1.19406 \dots : Δ u_{8} = 2.00252 \dots

f (u_{7}) = 3 (- 0.80846 \dots)^{2} + 4.39395 \dots (- 0.80846 \dots) + 2.50631 \dots = 0.91479 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{7}) = 6 (- 0.80846 \dots) + 4.39395 \dots = - 0.45682 \dots

u_{8} = 1.19406 \dots

Δ u_{8} = ∣ 1.19406 \dots - (- 0.80846 \dots) ∣ = 2.00252 \dots

Δ u_{8} = 2.00252 \dots

u_{9} = 0.15322 \dots : Δ u_{9} = 1.04083 \dots

f (u_{8}) = 3 \cdot 1.19406 \dots^{2} + 4.39395 \dots \cdot 1.19406 \dots + 2.50631 \dots = 12.03031 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{8}) = 6 \cdot 1.19406 \dots + 4.39395 \dots = 11.55832 \dots

u_{9} = 0.15322 \dots

Δ u_{9} = ∣ 0.15322 \dots - 1.19406 \dots ∣ = 1.04083 \dots

Δ u_{9} = 1.04083 \dots

u_{10} = - 0.45844 \dots : Δ u_{10} = 0.61167 \dots

f (u_{9}) = 3 \cdot 0.15322 \dots^{2} + 4.39395 \dots \cdot 0.15322 \dots + 2.50631 \dots = 3.25001 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{9}) = 6 \cdot 0.15322 \dots + 4.39395 \dots = 5.31331 \dots

u_{10} = - 0.45844 \dots

Δ u_{10} = ∣ - 0.45844 \dots - 0.15322 \dots ∣ = 0.61167 \dots

Δ u_{10} = 0.61167 \dots

u_{11} = - 1.14149 \dots : Δ u_{11} = 0.68305 \dots

f (u_{10}) = 3 (- 0.45844 \dots)^{2} + 4.39395 \dots (- 0.45844 \dots) + 2.50631 \dots = 1.12243 \dots

f^{^{'}} (u_{10}) = 6 (- 0.45844 \dots) + 4.39395 \dots = 1.64326 \dots

u_{11} = - 1.14149 \dots

Δ u_{11} = ∣ - 1.14149 \dots - (- 0.45844 \dots) ∣ = 0.68305 \dots

Δ u_{11} = 0.68305 \dots

Cannot find solution

The solution is

u \approx 0.79798 \dots

u \approx 0.79798 \dots

Verify Solutions

Find undefined (singularity) points:

u = 1, u = - 1

Take the denominator(s) of

- 2 + \frac{- u + 3 u ^{3}}{1 - u ^{2}}

and compare to zero

Solve

1 - u^{2} = 0 : u = 1, u = - 1

1 - u^{2} = 0

Move

1

to the right side

1 - u^{2} = 0

Subtract

1

from both sides

1 - u^{2} - 1 = 0 - 1

Simplify

- u^{2} = - 1

- u^{2} = - 1

Divide both sides by

- 1

- u^{2} = - 1

Divide both sides by

- 1

\frac{- u ^{2}}{- 1} = \frac{- 1}{- 1}

Simplify

u^{2} = 1

u^{2} = 1

For

x^{2} = f (a)

the solutions are

x = f (a), - f (a)

u = 1, u = - 1

1 = 1

1

Apply radical rule:

1 = 1

= 1

- 1 = - 1

- 1

Apply radical rule:

1 = 1

1 = 1

= - 1

u = 1, u = - 1

The following points are undefined

u = 1, u = - 1

Combine undefined points with solutions:

u \approx 0.79798 \dots

Substitute back

u = tan (x)

tan (x) \approx 0.79798 \dots

tan (x) \approx 0.79798 \dots

tan (x) = 0.79798 \dots : x = arctan (0.79798 \dots) + πn

tan (x) = 0.79798 \dots

Apply trig inverse properties

tan (x) = 0.79798 \dots

General solutions for

tan (x) = 0.79798 \dots

tan (x) = a \Rightarrow x = arctan (a) + πn

x = arctan (0.79798 \dots) + πn

x = arctan (0.79798 \dots) + πn

Combine all the solutions

x = arctan (0.79798 \dots) + πn

Show solutions in decimal form

x = 0.67351 \dots + πn

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is the general solution for tan(2x)-2=3tan(x) ?
The general solution for tan(2x)-2=3tan(x) is x=0.67351…+pin